Alfaxalone is a synthetic neurosteroid belonging to the class of general anesthetics. Chemically, it is a steroid derivative that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptor, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. Alfaxalone induces anesthesia by enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA, leading to neuronal hyperpolarization and inhibition of neuronal activity. It is commonly used as an injectable anesthetic agent in veterinary medicine for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in various animal species, including dogs, cats, and horses. Alfaxalone produces rapid onset and recovery from anesthesia with minimal cardiopulmonary depression, making it particularly useful for short-duration procedures or in patients with compromised cardiovascular or respiratory function. Additionally, its water-soluble formulation allows for convenient administration and titration of anesthesia dosage.
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