Arbutin, also known as hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside, is a glycosylated hydroquinone compound. Structurally, it consists of a hydroquinone molecule (1,4-dihydroxybenzene) attached to a glucose molecule. This attachment occurs through a β-glycosidic bond between the hydroxyl group of the hydroquinone and the anomeric carbon of the glucose molecule. Arbutin is classified as a glucoside and is soluble in water. It is available in two forms: alpha-arbutin and beta-arbutin, with beta-arbutin being the more stable and commonly used form in cosmetic and skincare products.Arbutin is widely used in skincare products for its skin-lightening and depigmenting properties. It inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production, leading to a gradual reduction in melanin synthesis. Some research suggests that arbutin may possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which could contribute to its potential health benefits beyond its cosmetic applications. It has been studied for its protective effects against UV-induced skin damage and its role in preventing premature skin aging.
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